RESEARCH PROJECTS COMPLETED (Selected few)

S.No.	Name(s) of Investigator(s)	Project Title	Remarks
1.	Dr. C. M. Narayan & (Late) Dr. B. C. Bhattacharya, IIT, Kharagpur	Design, Construction and Analysis of Variable Area Heat Exchangers (VAEs).	VAEs employ diverging-converging tubes/pipes. Heat transfer coefficient in Variable Area double pipe/Shell and Tube exchangers is 3.5 to 4.0 times that in conventional exchangers of same heat transfer area. The pressure drop is only 18-20 % higher.
2.		Design, Construction and Analysis of Falling Film Absorbers of Diverging-Converging Geometry.	Same as above. Provide 3.5 to 4.0 times higher mass transfer/heat transfer coefficients, with relatively insignificant increase in pressure drop penalty.
3.		Design, Construction and Analysis of Variable Area Condensers, Thin Film Evaporators	Same as above
4.		Design and Analysis of Solar Parabolic Trough Concentrator (PTC) with Variable Area Absorber	Performance efficiency of PTC is 50% higher, with little increase in its operating cost. This is true even if a high boiling liquid such as dowtherm is used as working fluid and it executes laminar flow through absorber.
5.	Dr. C. M. Narayan	Design and Analysis of Aerobic Bioreactor (suspended Growth) with Step feeding	Provides improved performance when employed in Activated Sludge processes.
6.	Dr. C. M. Narayan	Recovery of Titanium From Coal Ash Using Liquid Membrane Technology.	Low cost, low energy process. Permits selective recovery of titanium as pure titanium sulfate.
7.	Dr. C. M. Narayan & Vikas Narayan	Design and Analysis (including Software Development) of Fluidised Bed Bioreactors with LPO (Liquid Phase Oxygen) Utilisation	Reactor operates without use of huge air compressors, more economical. System reduces to a liquid fluidized bed.
8.	Dr. C. M. Narayan	Synthesis of Biodiesel Using Immobilized Enzyme(Lipase) Fluidized Bed Bioreactors.	Production of uncontaminated biodiesel at economically large rates.
9.	Dr. C. M. Narayan	Design and Analysis(including Software development) of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket(UASB) Bioreactors	Multiparameter software considering all system parameters including axial dispersion, effectiveness factors, gas velocity variation.
10.	Dr. C. M. Narayan	Biodesulfurisation of Petroleum Oils using Fluidised Bed Biofilm/Immobilized Cell Bioreactors	More economical than conventional hydrodesulfurisation. No high temperature, no high pressure, no consumption of hydrogen gas, S-content recovered as sulfate in solution.
11.	Dr. C. M. Narayan	Production of Phosphate?rich Biofertiliser(PROM) from Phosphate Rock - Kinetic study.	PROM is produced biochemically from rock phosphate ore and anaerobic digestor sludge/vermicompost. More economical than synthetic phosphatic fertilizers. Equally efficient in soil.
12.	Dr. C. M. Narayan	Design and Analysis of Anaerobic Downflow Stationary Fixed Film(DSFF) Bioreactors (for waste water Treatment).	Well-tested multiparameter software without any simplifying assumptions. Multiple substrates considered.
13.	Dr. C. M. Narayan	Production of Food-Grade Protein Concentrate from Cheese Whey using Ultrafiltration Module of Improved Design	Higher yield, faster process, uncontaminated protein concentrate with little denaturation.
14.	Dr. C. M. Narayan	Design and Analysis of Circulating Fluidised Bed Bioreactors employing Immobilised Enzyme Nanoparticles.	Provides improved performance than conventional fluidized beds.
15.	Dr. C.M. Narayan	Novel Design of Inverse Fluidized Bed Bioreactor with Nanosilica Support Particles	The proposed design provides high bioconversion at high capacities with reasonably low reactor volume. The operating cost of the reactor also is quite low.
16.	Dr. C. M. Narayan	Computer Aided Design and Analysis of Semifluidized Bed Biofilm Reactors for Aerobic Waste Water Treatment with LPO ( Liquid Phase Oxygen )Utilization	Provides high BOD removal, no air compressors required, lower operating cost, well-tested CAD software available for design and installation.
17.	Dr. C. M. Narayan	Computer Aided Design of Regenerators ( Heat Recovery Systems ) for High Temperature Industrial Applications	Permits efficient design of regenerators and enhanced heat recovery and consequent energy conservation.
18.	Dr. C. M. Narayan	Synthesis of Polymer grade Lactic Acid from Molasses and Cheese Whey in (a) Fluidized bed biofilm reactors (b) Semi-Fluidized bed biofilm reactors (c) Inverse Fluidized bed biofilm reactors (d) Downflow Stationary Fixed Film ( DSFF ) bioreactors	Permits economical manufacture of lactic acid on commercial scale from waste effluents. Economical Manufacture of PLLA bioplastic becomes thus feasible and its market price would get reduced significantly. Well-tested CAD Software packages developed.
19.	Dr. C. M. Narayan	Synthesis of Biodiesel from (a) Algal oil & methanol (b) Neem oil & methyl acetate using immobilized lipase enzyme in a) Fluidized Bed Bioreactors b) Semifluidized Bed Bioreactors c) Fluidized Bed Bioreactors of Diverging- Converging Geometry	All the three types of bioreactors provide more than 80 percent conversion of algal oil/ neem oil within a low reactor volume. Well-tested CAD (software) packages have been developed for design and analysis of these bioreactors. Prospects of commercial adaptation excellent.
20.	Dr. C. M. Narayan	Design and Analysis of Three phase (Gas-Liquid-Solid) Semifluidized Bed Bioreactors for Biological Treatment of Industrial Effluents/ Waste water.	Operate at much higher flow rates than fluidized bed bioreactors, but reactor volume requirement is much lower. Provides high BOD removal ( more than 85 per cent ) at high capacities. CAD Software successfully developed.
21.	Dr. C. M. Narayan	Biodiesel synthesis in Inverse Fluidized Bed Bioreactors employing Immobilised Enzyme Nano-Silica Particles (from algal oil/ neem oil)	Lower operating cost due to downwflow mode of operation, high global rate of reaction since effectiveness factor is equal to unity (due the very small size and very large specific surface of nanoparticles).Well tested CAD package developed.

Software Development

We have developed well-tested Software Packages (CAD Packages) for the Computer Aided Design of

1. HEAT EXCHANGERS
1. Shell and Tube HEs
2. Plate HEs
3. Finned Double Pipe HEs
2. CONDENSERS (Horizontal/Vertical; Single/Mixed Vapors)
3. EVAPORATORS (Single Effect; Multiple Effect)
4. PACKED BED ABSORPTION COLUMNS(with/without chemical reaction)
5. SIEVE PLATE/BUBBLE CAP DISTILLATION COLUMNS
6. MULTICOMPONENT DISTILLATION SYSTEMS(using most rigorous numerical algorithms)
7. FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTORS/PARABOLIC TROUGH SOLAR CONCENTRATORS
8. ROTARY DRYERS
9. PRESSURE VESSELS (Short/Tall Vessels, with Skirt, Lug, Saddle Supports).
10. BIOREACTORS ( Packed Bed, Fluidized Bed, UASB Bioreactors )

The above Softwares have been successfully implemented in many process industries of India and abroad.

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